Disassembly and decomposition of electronic components on waste circuit boards
PCB circuit boards, also known as printed circuit boards, are providers of electrical connections for electronic components. It is a substrate for assembling electronic parts. It is a printed board that connects points and prints components on a common base material according to a predetermined design. Its development has a history of more than 100 years; its design is mainly layout design; the main advantage of using circuit boards is to greatly reduce wiring and assembly errors, and improve the level of automation and production labor. According to the number of circuit boards, it can be divided into single-sided boards, double-sided boards, four-layer boards, six-layer boards and other multilayer circuit boards. The PCB industry belongs to the basic industry of electronic information product manufacturing. By seizing the opportunity of the new round of development of the global electronic information industry, focusing on the core of industrial structure adjustment, we will vigorously promote independent innovation to achieve the stable and sustainable development and transformation of China's printed circuit industry. Realize the upgrading of industrial product structure and technology, and form a competitive mass production capacity in *products and fields; form a complete set of high-end materials, equipment, instruments and service industries through independent innovation; promote energy conservation, emission reduction, and cleanliness through reforming traditional processes Production and circular economy realize the development of the printed circuit industry to a low-carbon industry. Therefore, the use of pcb plays a pivotal role.
But on the other hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, the number of electronic and electrical products eliminated is increasing. Circuit boards are the main body of electronic and electrical products, and it is also a difficult point in the recycling of waste electronic and electrical products. It has a large amount of waste and re-resources. High chemical value, difficult to recycle and dispose of. Therefore, the recycling of discarded circuit boards has attracted the attention of many research institutions at home and abroad. Foreign countries pay more attention to the reuse of electronic components in the recycling and processing of circuit boards, and try to extend the service life of electronic components, so as to reduce the material requirements for the production of new components and the waste discharge caused during the production process, and realize the conservation of resources and energy. . my country's research on the recycling of circuit boards started late, and most of the research is limited to the recycling of circuit board substrates, that is, the processing of circuit boards. However, there are very few researches on fine processing methods such as circuit board electronic component removal technology. For the disposal of discarded circuit boards, usually The recycling method adopted is to directly crush and recycle raw materials as a whole, which is a serious waste of resources and has a great impact on the environment. Based on the analysis and comparison of existing domestic and foreign circuit board electronic component removal technologies, this paper proposes a more complete removal process for the differences in circuit board electronic component welding technology, removal force and recycling value as follows:
Circuit board dismantling equipment (burning machine): old home appliance circuit boards, circuit boards, defective products contain capacitors, relays, transformers and other electronic components, which need to be tinned before proceeding to the next step. The purpose of thermal release tin is to separate the electronic components and solder of the waste circuit board from the circuit board. The circuit board first enters the drum with screen holes through the feed port, and then the temperature is heated to about 150℃ by the electric heating device to loosen the tin on the circuit board. Through the rotation of the roller and the friction of the material in the drum, the plate and the drum Wall friction, friction separates the solder, electronic components and the circuit board on the circuit board. The separated solder and electronic components slide down through the channel to the multi-layer sorting screen, and the electronic components and solder are sorted out through the sorting screen. After detinning, the circuit board enters the crusher through the conveyor to be crushed. The tin collected in the process of pyrolysis detinning is sold as a product for external treatment; the exhaust gas produced is mainly dust and waste methane, which is discharged from a 15-meter high exhaust cylinder after spray + activated carbon adsorption treatment, which will be generated during the detinning process The solid waste mainly includes sieving out electronic components, water spraying and waste activated carbon.
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